Description
Rules for Writers 10th Edition by Diana Hacker, ISBN-13: 978-1319244255
[PDF eBook eTextbook] – Available Instantly
- Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin’s; Tenth edition (October 11, 2021)
- Language: English
- ISBN-10: 1319244254
- ISBN-13: 978-1319244255
Rules for Writers supports students from a wide range of backgrounds with accessible explanations, step-by-step advice, class-tested examples, and opportunities to practice and build their writing, grammar, and research skills—all at a tremendous value.
Table of Contents:
About this Book
Cover Page
Inside Front Cover
Accessibility
Halftitle Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface for Instructors
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK: Scavenger Hunt
Part 1 A Process for Writing
1 Exploring, planning, and drafting
1a Assess your writing situation.
Subject
Purpose
Audience
Genre
1b Explore your subject.
Asking questions
Talking and listening
Reading and annotating texts
Brainstorming and freewriting
Keeping a journal or a blog
1c Draft and revise a working thesis statement.
Understanding what makes an effective thesis statement
Drafting a working thesis
Revising a working thesis
HOW TO: Solve five common problems with thesis statements
1d Draft a plan.
When to use an informal outline
When to use a formal outline
1e Draft an introduction.
1f Draft the body.
Asking questions as you draft
Adding visuals as you draft
1g Draft a conclusion.
2 Writing paragraphs
2a Focus on a main point.
Stating the main point in a topic sentence
Sticking to the point
2b Develop the main point.
2c Make paragraphs coherent.
Linking ideas clearly
Repeating key words
Using parallel structures
Providing transitions
Maintaining consistency
2d If necessary, adjust paragraph length.
2e Choose a suitable strategy for developing paragraphs.
Illustrations
Narration
Description
Process
Comparison and contrast
Analogy
Cause and effect
Classification
Definition
3 Revising, editing, and reflecting
3a Use peer review: Give constructive comments.
HOW TO: Write helpful peer review comments
3b Learn from peer review: Revise with comments.
3c One student’s peer review process
3d Approach global revision in cycles.
3e Revise globally by making a reverse outline.
3f Revise and edit sentences.
HOW TO: Improve your writing with an editing log
3g Proofread and format the final manuscript.
3h Sample student revision: Literacy narrative
WRITING GUIDE: How to write a literacy narrative
3i Reflect on your writing; prepare a portfolio.
Part 2 Academic Reading and Writing
4 Reading and writing critically
4a Read actively.
Previewing a text
Annotating a text
HOW TO: Annotate a text effectively
Using a double-entry notebook
Asking “So what?”
HOW TO: Read like a writer
4b Outline a text to identify main ideas.
4c Summarize to deepen your understanding.
HOW TO: Summarize effectively
4d Analyze to demonstrate your critical reading.
Balancing summary with analysis
Drafting an analytical thesis statement
HOW TO: Draft an analytical thesis statement
4e Sample student writing: Analysis of an article
WRITING GUIDE: How to write an analytical essay
5 Reading and writing about multimodal texts
5a Read actively.
5b Summarize a multimodal text to deepen your understanding.
5c Analyze a multimodal text to demonstrate your critical reading.
Drafting an analytical thesis statement
5d Sample student writing: Analysis of an advertisement
6 Reading arguments
6a Read with an open mind and a critical eye.
6b Evaluate ethical, logical, and emotional appeals as a reader.
6c Evaluate the evidence behind an argument.
6d Identify underlying assumptions.
6e Evaluate how fairly a writer handles opposing views.
7 Writing arguments
7a Identify your purpose and context.
7b View your audience as a panel of jurors.
7c Build common ground with your audience.
7d In your introduction, establish credibility and state your position.
HOW TO: Draft a thesis statement for an argument
CASE STUDY: Responding to an argument
7e Back up your thesis with persuasive lines of argument.
7f Support your thesis with specific evidence.
Using facts and statistics
Using examples
Using visuals
Citing expert opinion
7g Anticipate objections; counter opposing arguments.
7h Sample student writing: Argument
WRITING GUIDE: How to write an argument essay
Part 3 Clarity
8 Prefer active verbs.
8a Choose the active voice or the passive voice, depending on your writing situation.
Appropriate uses of the passive voice
8b Replace be verbs that result in dull or wordy sentences.
8c As a rule, choose a subject that names the person or thing doing the action.
9 Balance parallel ideas.
9a Balance parallel ideas in a series.
Headings
Lists
9b Balance parallel ideas presented as pairs.
Parallel ideas linked with coordinating conjunctions
Parallel ideas linked with correlative conjunctions
Comparisons linked with than or as
9c Repeat function words to clarify parallels.
10 Add needed words.
10a Add words needed to complete compound structures.
10b Add the word that if there is any danger of misreading without it.
10c Add words needed to make comparisons logical and complete.
10d Add the articles a, an, and the where necessary for grammatical completeness.
11 Untangle mixed constructions.
11a Untangle the grammatical structure.
11b Straighten out the logical connections.
11c Avoid is when, is where, and reason … is because constructions.
12 Repair misplaced and dangling modifiers.
12a Put limiting modifiers in front of the words they modify.
12b Place phrases and clauses so that readers can see what they modify.
12c Move awkwardly placed modifiers.
12d Avoid split infinitives when they are awkward.
12e Repair dangling modifiers.
Recognizing dangling modifiers
Repairing dangling modifiers
13 Eliminate distracting shifts.
13a Make the point of view consistent in person and number.
13b Maintain consistent verb tenses.
13c Make verbs consistent in mood and voice.
13d Avoid sudden shifts from indirect to direct questions or quotations.
14 Emphasize key ideas.
14a Coordinate equal ideas; subordinate minor ideas.
Coordination
Subordination
14b Combine choppy sentences.
14c Avoid ineffective or excessive coordination.
14d Do not subordinate major ideas.
14e Do not subordinate excessively.
14f Experiment with techniques for gaining special emphasis.
Using sentence endings for emphasis
Using parallel structure for emphasis
15 Provide some variety.
15a Vary your sentence openings.
15b Use a variety of sentence structures.
15c Try inverting sentences occasionally.
16 Tighten wordy sentences.
16a Eliminate redundancies.
16b Avoid unnecessary repetition of words.
16c Cut empty or inflated phrases.
16d Simplify the structure.
16e Reduce clauses to phrases, phrases to single words.
17 Choose appropriate language.
17a Choose an appropriate level of formality.
17b Avoid jargon, except in specialized writing situations.
17c Avoid most euphemisms and doublespeak.
17d In most contexts, avoid slang.
17e Avoid sexist and noninclusive language.
Recognizing sexist and noninclusive language
Revising sexist and noninclusive language
17f Avoid biased language.
18 Find the exact words.
18a Select words with appropriate connotations.
18b Prefer specific, concrete nouns.
18c Take care with idioms.
18d Do not rely heavily on clichés.
18e Use figures of speech with care.
18f Use the right words. (Glossary of usage)
Part 4 Grammar
19 Repair sentence fragments.
Recognizing sentence fragments
Repairing sentence fragments
19a Attach fragmented subordinate clauses or turn them into sentences.
19b Attach fragmented phrases or turn them into sentences.
19c Attach other fragmented word groups or turn them into sentences.
Parts of compound predicates
Lists
Examples introduced by for example, in addition, or similar expressions
19d Exception: A fragment may be used for effect.
20 Revise run-on sentences.
Recognizing run-on sentences
HOW TO: Revise a run-on sentence
20a Consider separating the clauses with a comma and a coordinating conjunction.
20b Consider separating the clauses with a semicolon, colon, or dash.
20c Consider making the clauses into separate sentences.
20d Consider restructuring the sentence, perhaps by subordinating one of the clauses.
21 Make subjects and verbs agree.
21a Learn to recognize subject-verb combinations.
21b Make the verb agree with its subject, not with a word that comes between.
21c Treat most subjects joined with and as plural.
21d With subjects joined with or or nor (or with either . . . or or neither . . . nor), make the verb agree with the part of the subject nearer to the verb.
21e Treat most indefinite pronouns as singular.
21f Treat collective nouns as singular unless the meaning is clearly plural.
21g Make the verb agree with its subject even when the subject follows the verb.
21h Make the verb agree with its subject, not with a subject complement.
21i Ensure that who, which, and that take verbs that agree with their antecedents.
One of the
Only one of the
21j Treat words such as athletics, economics, mathematics, and news as singular, despite their plural form.
21k Treat titles of works, company names, words mentioned as words, and gerund phrases as singular.
22 Make pronouns and antecedents agree.
22a Take care with indefinite pronouns (anybody, everyone) and generic nouns.
Indefinite pronouns
Generic nouns
22b Treat collective nouns as singular unless the meaning is clearly plural.
22c Take care with compound antecedents.
23 Make pronoun references clear.
23a Avoid ambiguous or remote pronoun reference.
23b Avoid making broad references with this, that, which, and it.
23c Do not use a pronoun to refer to an implied antecedent.
23d Avoid the indefinite use of they, it, and you.
23e To refer to persons, use who, whom, or whose, not which or that.
24 Distinguish between pronouns such as I and me.
24a Use the subjective case (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) for subjects and subject complements.
24b Use the objective case (me, you, him, her, it, us, them) for all objects.
24c Put an appositive and the word to which it refers in the same case.
24d Following than or as, choose the pronoun that expresses your meaning.
24e Use the objective case for subjects and objects of infinitives.
24f Use the possessive case to modify a gerund.
25 Distinguish between who and whom.
25a Use who and whom correctly in subordinate clauses.
25b Use who and whom correctly in questions.
25c Use whom for subjects or objects of infinitives.
26 Choose adjectives and adverbs with care.
26a Use adjectives to modify nouns.
Subject complements
Object complements
26b Use adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
26c Distinguish between good and well, bad and badly.
26d Use comparatives and superlatives with care.
Comparative versus superlative
Forming comparatives and superlatives
Double comparatives or superlatives
Absolute concepts
26e Avoid double negatives.
27 Choose appropriate verb forms, tenses, and moods.
27a Choose correct forms of irregular verbs.
Common irregular verbs
27b Distinguish among the forms of lie and lay.
27c Use -s or -es endings on present-tense verbs that have third-person singular subjects.
Has versus have
Does versus do and doesn’t versus don’t
Am, is, and are; was and were
27d Do not omit -ed endings on verbs.
Past tense
Past participles
27e Do not omit needed verbs.
27f Choose the appropriate verb tense.
Survey of tenses
Special uses of the present tense
The past perfect tense
Sequence of tenses with infinitives and participles
27g Use the subjunctive mood in the few contexts that require it.
Forms of the subjunctive
Uses of the subjunctive
Part 5 Multilingual Writers and ESL Topics
28 Verbs
28a Use effective verb forms and tenses.
Basic verb forms
Verb tenses
28b To write a verb in the passive voice, use a form of be with the past participle.
28c Use the base form of the verb after a modal.
28d To make negative verb forms, add not.
28e In a conditional sentence, choose verb tenses according to the type of condition expressed in the sentence.
Factual
Predictive
Speculative
28f Become familiar with verbs that may be followed by gerunds or infinitives.
Verb + gerund or infinitive (no change in meaning)
Verb + gerund or infinitive (change in meaning)
Verb + gerund
Verb + infinitive
Verb + noun or pronoun + infinitive
Verb + noun or pronoun + unmarked infinitive
29 Articles (a, an, the)
29a Be familiar with articles and other noun markers.
Using articles and other noun markers
Types of articles and types of nouns
29b Use the with most specific common nouns.
29c Use a (or an) with common singular count nouns that refer to “one” or “any.”.
29d Use a quantifier, not a or an, with a noncount noun to express an approximate amount.
29e Use no article with nouns that refer to all of something or something in general.
29f Use no article with most singular proper nouns; use the with most plural proper nouns.
30 Sentence structure
30a Use a linking verb between a subject and its complement.
30b Include a subject in every sentence.
30c Avoid using both a noun and a pronoun to play the same grammatical role in a sentence.
30d Avoid repeating a subject, an object, or an adverb in an adjective clause.
30e Avoid placing an adverb between a verb and its direct object.
30f Distinguish between present participles and past participles used as adjectives.
30g Place cumulative adjectives in an appropriate order.
31 Prepositions and idiomatic expressions
31a Become familiar with prepositions that show time and place.
31b Use nouns (including -ing forms) after prepositions.
31c Become familiar with common adjective + preposition combinations.
31d Become familiar with common verb + preposition combinations.
32 Paraphrasing sources effectively
32a Avoid replacing a source’s words with synonyms.
32b Determine the meaning of the original source.
32c Present the author’s meaning in your own words.
Part 6 Punctuation
33 The comma
33a Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction joining independent clauses.
33b Use a comma after an introductory clause or phrase.
33c Use a comma between all items in a series.
33d Use a comma between coordinate adjectives not joined with and.
33e Use commas to set off nonrestrictive (nonessential) elements, but not restrictive (essential) elements.
Restrictive (essential) elements
Nonrestrictive (nonessential) elements
Adjective clauses
Adjective phrases
Appositives
33f Use commas to set off transitional expressions and other word groups.
Transitional expressions
Parenthetical expressions
Absolute phrases
Word groups expressing contrast
33g Use commas to set off nouns of direct address, the words yes and no, interrogative tags, and mild interjections.
33h Use commas with expressions such as he said to set off direct quotations.
33i Use commas with dates, addresses, titles, and numbers.
Dates
Addresses
Titles
Numbers
34 Unnecessary commas
34a Do not use a comma with a coordinating conjunction that joins only two words, phrases, or subordinate clauses.
34b Do not use a comma to separate a verb from its subject or object.
34c Do not use a comma before the first or after the last item in a series.
34d Do not use a comma between cumulative adjectives, between an adjective and a noun, or between an adverb and an adjective.
34e Do not use commas to set off restrictive (essential) elements.
34f Do not use a comma to set off a concluding adverb clause that is essential for meaning.
34g Do not use a comma after a phrase that begins an inverted sentence.
34h Avoid other common misuses of the comma.
35 The semicolon
35a Use a semicolon between closely related independent clauses not joined with a coordinating conjunction.
35b Use a semicolon between independent clauses linked with a transitional expression.
35c Use a semicolon between items in a series containing internal punctuation.
35d Avoid common misuses of the semicolon.
36 The colon
36a Use a colon after an independent clause to direct attention to a list, an appositive, a quotation, or a summary or an explanation.
36b Use a colon according to convention.
36c Avoid common misuses of the colon.
37 The apostrophe
37a Use an apostrophe to indicate that a noun is possessive.
When to add -’s
When to add only an apostrophe
Joint possession
Compound nouns
37b Use an apostrophe and -s to indicate that an indefinite pronoun is possessive.
37c Use an apostrophe to mark omissions in contractions and numbers.
37d Do not use an apostrophe in certain situations.
Plural of numbers and abbreviations
Plural of letters and words mentioned as words
37e Avoid common misuses of the apostrophe.
38 Quotation marks
38a Use quotation marks to enclose direct quotations.
Exception: Indirect quotations
Exception: Long quotations
38b Use single quotation marks to enclose a quotation within a quotation.
38c Use quotation marks around the titles of short works.
38d Quotation marks may be used to set off words used as words.
38e Use punctuation with quotation marks according to convention.
Periods and commas
Colons and semicolons
Question marks and exclamation points
Introducing quoted material
38f Avoid common misuses of quotation marks.
39 End punctuation
39a The period
To end sentences
In abbreviations
39b The question mark
39c The exclamation point
40 Other punctuation marks
40a The dash
40b Parentheses
40c Brackets
40d The ellipsis
40e The slash
Part 7 Mechanics
41 Abbreviations
41a Use abbreviations for titles immediately before and after proper names.
41b Use abbreviations only when you are sure your readers will understand them.
41c Use BCE, CE, a.m., p.m., No., and $ only with specific dates, times, numbers, and amounts.
41d Abbreviate units of measurement used with numerals.
41e Be sparing in your use of Latin abbreviations.
41f Plural of abbreviations
42 Numbers
42a Follow the conventions in your discipline for spelling out or using numerals to express numbers.
42b Use numerals according to convention in dates, addresses, and so on.
43 Italics
43a Italicize the titles of works according to convention.
43b Italicize non-English words used in an English sentence.
43c Italicize words mentioned as words, letters mentioned as letters, and numbers mentioned as numbers.
44 Spelling
44a Become familiar with the major spelling rules.
i before e except after c
Suffixes
Plurals
44b Differentiate words that sound alike but have different meanings.
45 Hyphenation
45a Consult the dictionary to determine how to treat a compound word.
45b Hyphenate two or more words used together as an adjective before a noun.
45c Hyphenate fractions and certain numbers when they are spelled out.
45d Use a hyphen with the prefixes all-, ex- (meaning “former”), and self- and with the suffix -elect.
45e Use a hyphen in certain words to avoid ambiguity.
45f Check for correct word breaks when words must be divided at the end of a line.
46 Capitalization
46a Capitalize proper nouns and words derived from them; do not capitalize common nouns.
46b Capitalize titles of persons when used as part of a proper name but usually not when used alone.
46c Capitalize titles according to convention.
46d Capitalize the first word of a sentence.
46e Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence but not a quoted word or phrase.
46f Know your options when the first word after a colon begins an independent clause.
Part 8 Grammar Basics
47 Parts of speech
47a Nouns
47b Pronouns
47c Verbs
Helping verbs
Main verbs
47d Adjectives
47e Adverbs
47f Prepositions
47g Conjunctions
47h Interjections
48 Sentence patterns
48a Subjects
The complete subject
The simple subject
Understood subjects
Subject after the verb
48b Verbs, objects, and complements
Linking verbs and subject complements
Transitive verbs and direct objects
Transitive verbs, indirect objects, and direct objects
Transitive verbs, direct objects, and object complements
Intransitive verbs
49 Subordinate word groups
49a Prepositional phrases
49b Verbal phrases
Participial phrases
Gerund phrases
Infinitive phrases
49c Appositive phrases
49d Absolute phrases
49e Subordinate clauses
Adjective clauses
Adverb clauses
Noun clauses
50 Sentence types
50a Sentence structures
Simple sentences
Compound sentences
Complex sentences
Compound-complex sentences
50b Sentence purposes
Part 9 Research
51 Thinking like a researcher; gathering sources
51a Manage the project.
Managing time
Getting the big picture
Keeping a research log
51b Pose questions worth exploring.
Choosing a focused question
Choosing a debatable question
Choosing a question grounded in evidence
Testing your research question
HOW TO: Enter a research conversation
51c Map out a search strategy.
51d Search efficiently; master a few shortcuts to finding good sources.
Using the library
Using the web
Using bibliographies and citations as shortcuts
Check URLs for clues about sponsorship
HOW TO:Go Beyond A Google Search
51e Write a research proposal.
51f Conduct field research, if appropriate.
Interviewing
Conducting a survey
52 Managing information; taking notes responsibly
52a Maintain a working bibliography.
52b Keep track of source materials.
52c As you take notes, avoid unintentional plagiarism.
HOW TO: Avoid Plagiarizing From The Web
HOW TO: Take Notes Responsibly
53 Evaluating sources
53a Evaluate the reliability and usefulness of a source.
53b Read with an open mind and a critical eye.
53c Assess web sources with special care.
HOW TO: Detect False And Misleading Sources
53d Construct an annotated bibliography.
WRITING GUIDE: How to write an annotated bibliography
Part 10 Writing Papers in MLA Style
54 Supporting a thesis
54a Form a working thesis statement.
54b Organize ideas with an informal plan.
54c Consider how sources will contribute to your research paper.
Providing context or background information
Explaining terms or concepts
Supporting your claims
Lending authority to your argument
Anticipating and countering objections
55 Citing sources; avoiding plagiarism
55a Understand how the MLA system works.
55b Understand what plagiarism is.
55c Use quotation marks around borrowed language.
55d Put summaries and paraphrases in your own words.
HOW TO: Be a responsible research writer
56 Integrating sources
56a Summarize and paraphrase effectively.
Summarizing
Paraphrasing
HOW TO: Paraphrase effectively
56b Use quotations effectively.
Limiting your use of quotations
Using the ellipsis
Using brackets
Setting off long quotations
56c Use signal phrases to integrate sources.
Marking boundaries
Establishing authority
Introducing summaries and paraphrases
Integrating statistics and other facts
Putting source material in context
56d Synthesize sources.
Considering how sources relate to your argument
Placing sources in conversation
57 Documenting sources in MLA style
List of MLA in-text citation models
List of MLA works cited models
57a MLA in-text citations
General guidelines for signal phrases and page numbers
Variations on the general guidelines
Literary works and sacred texts
57b MLA list of works cited
General guidelines for listing authors
HOW TO: Answer the basic question ‘Who is the author?’
Articles and other short works
Books and other long works
Web sources
Audio, visual, and multimedia sources
HOW TO: Cite a source reposted from another
Government and legal documents
Personal communication and course materials
57c MLA information notes (optional)
58 MLA format; sample research paper
58a MLA format
Formatting the paper: The basics
Formatting the paper: Other concerns
Preparing the list of works cited
58b Sample MLA research paper
Part 11 Writing Papers in APA Style
59 Supporting a thesis
59a Form a working thesis statement.
59b Organize your ideas.
59c Consider how sources will contribute to your research paper.
Providing context or background information
Explaining terms or concepts
Supporting your claims
Lending authority to your argument
Anticipating and countering objections
60 Citing sources; avoiding plagiarism
60a Understand how the APA system works.
60b Understand what plagiarism is.
60c Use quotation marks around borrowed language.
60d Put summaries and paraphrases in your own words.
61 Integrating sources
61a Summarize and paraphrase effectively.
Summarizing
Paraphrasing
61b Use quotations effectively.
Limiting your use of quotations
Using the ellipsis
Using brackets
Setting off long quotations
61c Use signal phrases to integrate sources.
Marking boundaries
Using signal phrases with summaries and paraphrases
Integrating statistics and other data
Putting source material in context
61d Synthesize sources.
62 Documenting sources in APA style
62a APA in-text citations
62b APA list of references
General guidelines for listing authors
Articles and other short works
Books and other long works
Websites and parts of websites
Audio, visual, and multimedia sources
Personal communication and social media
63 APA format; sample research paper
63a APA format
Formatting the paper
Preparing the list of references
63b Sample APA research paper
Appendix: Models of professional writing
Answers to lettered exercises
Index
Credits
Multilingual Menu
Editing Marks
Detailed Menu
Back Cover
Extended Descriptions
A portion of a sample essay introduction, with annotations, Continuation of the sample essay introduction, with annotations.
A pie chart of the health insurance coverages in the United States in 2007.
A bar graph titled “The Pursuit of Property” shows the home ownership rates in the United States between 1930 and 2000.
A visualization of graduation rates for kids in low-income communities.
A table comparing the price (U.S. dollars) of daily doses of AIDS drugs in four countries.
A photo of a house that has collapsed. One side of the roof is falling down.
The structure of a hair strand.
A flowchart for selecting the appropriate steps for a proposed action.
A corrected transition between two sentences.
An annotated excerpt from an online peer review session between peer reviewer Juan and the writer Rachel.
Part one of an essay rough draft that has been commented on by peers.
Part two of an essay rough draft that has been commented on by peers.
Part three of an essay rough draft that has been commented on by peers.
An excerpt from a student draft, with annotations.
A sample sentence edited to correct the clause.
Nguyen’s final draft titled, “A Place to Begin,” with annotations.
The second page of Nguyen’s final draft.
The third page of Nguyen’s final draft.
A screenshot of an online article that has been annotated.
Annotated advertisement.
A screenshot of a web advertisement with a a call-to-action button.
An annotated WWF advertisement.
The fifth page of an annotated argumentative student writing sample.
Annotated Article: Big Box Stores Are Bad for Main Street. Written by Betsy Taylor.
Continuation of Annotated Article: Big Box Stores Are Bad for Main Street. Written by Betsy Taylor.
An annotated article summary.
A sample paragraph balancing summary and analysis.
Page one of four. A sample analysis of an article. Presented in MLA format.
Page two of a sample analysis in MLA format.
Page three of a sample analysis in MLA format.
Page four of a sample analysis in MLA format. The Work Cited page.
Page one of five. An analysis of the Equal Exchange advertisement. Presented in MLA formatting.
Page two of the Equal Exchange advertisement analysis.
Page three of the Equal Exchange advertisement analysis.
Page four of the Equal Exchange advertisement analysis.
Page five of the Equal Exchange advertisement analysis: the Work Cited page.
The first of a seven-page argumentative student writing sample. The sample is annotated and there are a total of eight images.
The second page of an annotated argumentative student writing sample.
The third page of an annotated argumentative student writing sample.
The fourth page of an annotated argumentative student writing sample.
The sixth page of an annotated argumentative student writing sample.
The seventh page of an annotated argumentative student writing sample; the Works Cited page.
The eighth image of an annotated argumentative student writing sample; the end of the Work Cited page.
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Actor Named in Modifier. Two sentences with edits
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A sentence with edits
A fused sentence is marked with two independent clauses
An example of a comma splice
A process flowchart, with yes or no options
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A sentence with punctuation edits
A sentence with punctuation edits
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A sentence with edits
A process flowchart explains the use of s and –es forms of a present tense verb
A sentence with edits
A sentence with edits
A sentence with edits
Two sentences show subject-verb usage in sentences
Two sentences with edits
Two sentences with edits
Two sentences depict singular and two sentences depict plural noun usage
Two sentences demonstrate singular and plural versions
A sentence with edits
Two sentences demonstrate singular and plural usage in sentences
Two sentences demonstrate singular and plural usage in sentences
A sentence with edits
A sentence with edits
A sentence with sections demarcated
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Three sentences with edits
A sentence with edits
A sentence with edits
Two sentences demonstrate singular and plural usage in sentences
Three sentences with edits
Three sentences with edits
Two sentences demonstrate representation as a unit and as individuals
A sentence with edits
Two sentences depict the use of either and neither
A sentence with edits
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A paragraph with edits
Text with edits
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Two sentences with edits
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A sentence with edits
Two sentences with edits
A sentence with edits
A sentence, with its subordinate and independent clauses identified
Two sentences, with their subordinate and independent clauses identified
Two sentences show subordinate and independent clauses
A sentence with edits
A sentence highlights its subordinate and independent clauses
A sentence highlights its subordinate and independent clauses
A sentence with edits
Two sentences highlight their verb, noun, and infinitive
A sentence with edits
Three sentences show the articles, adjectives, and nouns with markings
A sentence with edits
Two sentences with edits
Two sentences with edits
A sentence with edits
Two sentences with edits
A sentence with edits
Two sentences with edits
A sentence with its expletive, verb, and subject marked
A sentence shows classifications and edits
A sentence with edits
A sentence with edits
An incorrect sentence has its topic and the independent clause marked
A sentence with edits
A sentence has its adjective clause marked
A sentence with edits
A sentence with edits
A sentence with edits
A sentence with edits
A list shows the cumulative adjectives for the various attributes from the first to the last in the right order. Examples are provided for each of the attribute
A sentence with edits
A sentence with edits
A sentence with edits
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A paragraph with annotations
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A sentence shows mark ups
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A sentence with edits
A sentence with the nouns marked
A sentence with the noun/adjectives marked
A sentence with some words underlined
Three sentences identify the main verb and helping verb
Three phrases identify adjectives
Two sentences show the use of adverbs
Two sentences, with the adverbs identified
Two sentences identifies the subject
Two sentences are presented that have their subject, verb, and subject complements identified
A sentence reads, “The hungry cat clawed the bag of dry food.”
A sentence reads, “You give her some yarn, and she will knit you a scarf.”
Two sentences identify subject, verb, direct object, and object complement
Two sentences identify subject and verb
Three sentences
A sentence identifies adjective and adverb phrases
Four sentences with parts identified
Two sentences show adjective clauses
Two sentences show subordinate clauses
Two sentences with parts identified
Two sentences with parts identified
Two sentences identify independent clause
Three sentences identify subordinate clause
A sentence with parts identified
A calendar shows the schedule for completing a research assignment
An excerpt from an original source with annotations
A screenshot shows webpage of the National Conference of State Legislatures (N C S L)
A screenshot shows a company webpage
A sample bibliography entry and summary, with annotations
A sample working thesis statement, with annotations
A sample revised thesis statement, with an annotation
A sample introductory paragraph, with annotations
Text shows in-text citation, with annotations
Annotated text shows a quotation with effective context (quotation sandwich). Annotated text of connecting a source to the writer’s argument
A sample student note in a text.
A linear chart for organizing research ideas
A sample synthesis written by a student, with annotations
A chart maps source attributions of two containers in two columns with an intermediary text
A sample work citation entry with parts labeled
A sample work citation entry for a journal article in a database
A screenshot shows the video webpage of C B S News Online
A sample work citation entry for website
A screenshot shows the webpage of Taylor and Francis Online. All sections of the webpage are numbered from 1 to 7
A sample work citation entry for an article in an online journal
A screenshot of the home page of Project Muse shows several numbered sections
A sample work citation entry for an article from a database
The title page of a book, with parts labeled
A sample work citation entry for a print book
The title page of an anthology, the first page of selection, and the copyright page
A sample work citation entry for selection from an anthology
A screenshot of an internal page of the United States Census Bureau website shows several numbered sections
A sample work citation entry for an internal page from a website
A screenshot shows the J F K inaugural address 1 of 2 uploaded in YouTube
A sample work citation entry for a video on the web
A sample paper written in M L A style, with annotations
A sample M L A research paper with annotations
Continuation of a sample M L A research paper with annotations
Continuation of a sample M L A research paper with annotations
Continuation of a sample M L A research paper with annotations
Continuation of a sample M L A research paper with annotations
Continuation of a sample M L A research paper with annotations
Continuation of a sample M L A research paper with annotations
Continuation of a sample M L A research paper with annotations
Continuation of a sample M L A research paper with annotations
A sample synthesis with annotations
A screenshot shows an online article
An example for including online article in reference list
A screenshot shows a database record
An example for including database article in reference list
A screenshot shows title page of a print book in A P A style
An example of including print book details in a reference list
A screenshot shows the contents of a web document page
An example for including web document information in the reference list
Text shows the A P A format of a sample research paper with annotations
Text shows the continuation of the sample research paper with annotations
Text shows the continuation of the sample research paper with annotations
Text shows the continuation of the sample research paper with annotations
Text shows the continuation of the sample research paper with annotations
Text shows the continuation of the sample research paper with annotations
Text shows the continuation of the sample research paper with annotations
Text shows the continuation of the sample research paper with annotations
Text shows the continuation of the sample research paper with annotations
Text shows the continuation of the sample research paper with annotations
Text shows the continuation of the sample research paper with annotations
Text shows the continuation of the sample research paper with annotations
Text shows the abstract of the sample A P A research paper with annotations
A sample business report with annotations
A sample business letter with annotations
A sample resume with annotations
A sample professional memo with annotations
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