Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases 3rd Edition by Hal Blumenfeld, ISBN-13: 978-1605359625

Description

Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases 3rd Edition by Hal Blumenfeld, ISBN-13: 978-1605359625

[PDF eBook eTextbook] – Available Instantly

• Publisher: ‎ Sinauer Associates is an imprint of Oxford University Press; 3rd edition (February 28, 2021)
• Language: ‎ English
•  1056 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 1605359629
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1605359625

A pioneering interactive approach to the teaching of neuroanatomy.

Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases is widely acclaimed for bringing a pioneering interactive approach to the teaching of neuroanatomy. The book uses over 100 actual clinical cases and high-quality radiologic images to bring the subject to life. The third edition is fully updated with the latest advances in the field, and includes several exciting new cases. This approach allows students to appreciate the clinical relevance of structural details as they are being learned, and to integrate knowledge of disparate functional systems, so the practical knowledge of neuroanatomy is not soon forgotten.

Table of Contents:

Cover Page
Title page
Copyright page
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments for First Edition
Additional Acknowledgments for Second Edition
Additional Acknowledgments for Third Edition
How to Use This Book
General Outline
Chapters 5–19
Special Features for Focused Study and Review
e-book: Additional Features for Interactive Study and Review
Suggested Course Use
Chapter 1 Introduction to Clinical Case Presentations
Introduction
The General History and Physical Exam
Chief Complaint (CC)
History of the Present Illness (HPI)
Past Medical History (PMH)
Review of Systems (ROS)
Family History (FHx)
Social and Environmental History (SocHx/EnvHx)
Medications and Allergies
Physical Exam
Laboratory Data
Assessment and Plan
Neurologic Differential Diagnosis
Relationship between the General Physical Exam and the Neurologic Exam
Conclusions
References
Chapter 2 Neuroanatomy Overview and Basic Definitions
Basic Macroscopic Organization of the Nervous System
Main Parts of the Nervous System
Orientation and Planes of Section
Basic Cellular and Neurochemical Organization of the Nervous System
CNS Gray Matter and White Matter; PNS Ganglia and Nerves
Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nervous System
Cerebral Cortex: Basic Organization and Primary Sensory and Motor Areas
Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres
Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres in Detail
Primary Sensory and Motor Areas
Cell Layers and Regional Classification of the Cerebral Cortex
Motor Systems
Main Motor Pathways
Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia
Somatosensory Systems
Main Somatosensory Pathways
Posterior Column Pathway
Anterolateral Pathway
Thalamus
Stretch Reflex
Brainstem and Cranial Nerves
Limbic System
Association Cortex
Blood Supply to the Brain and Spinal Cord
Conclusions
Interactive Review
References
Notes
Chapter 3 The Neurologic Exam as a Lesson in Neuroanatomy
Overview of the Neurologic Exam
neuroexam.com
The Neurologic Exam: Examination Technique and What Is Being Tested
1. Mental Status
Level of Alertness, Attention, and Cooperation
Orientation: A Caveat to Those Who Write “A&O×3”
Memory
Language
Calculations, Right–Left Confusion, Finger Agnosia, Agraphia
Apraxia
Neglect and Constructions
Sequencing Tasks and Frontal Release Signs
Logic and Abstraction
Delusions and Hallucinations
Mood
2. Cranial Nerves
Olfaction (CN I)
Ophthalmoscopic Exam (CN II)
Vision (CN II)
Pupillary Responses (CN II, III)
Extraocular Movements (CN III, IV, VI)
Facial Sensation and Muscles of Mastication (CN V)
Muscles of Facial Expression and Taste (CN VII)
Hearing and Vestibular Sense (CN VIII)
Palate Elevation and Gag Reflex (CN IX, X)
Muscles of Articulation (CN V, VII, IX, X, XII)
Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles (CN XI)
Tongue Muscles (CN XII)
3. Motor Exam
Observation
Inspection
Palpation
Muscle tone testing
Functional Testing
Strength of Individual Muscle Groups
4. Reflexes
Deep Tendon Reflexes
Plantar Response
Reflexes Tested in Special Situations
5. Coordination and Gait
Appendicular Coordination
Romberg Test
Gait
6. Sensory Exam
Primary Sensation, Asymmetry, Sensory Level
Cortical Sensation, Including Extinction
The Neurologic Exam as a Flexible Tool
Exam Limitations and Strategies
Coma Exam
General Physical Exam
1. Mental Status
2. Cranial Nerves
Ophthalmoscopic Exam (CN II)
Vision (CN II)
Pupillary Responses (CN II, III)
Extraocular Movements and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (CN III, IV, VI, VIII)
Corneal Reflex, Facial Asymmetry, and Grimace Response (CN V, VII)
Gag Reflex (CN IX, X)
3. Sensory Exam and 4. Motor Exam
5. Reflexes
6. Coordination and Gait
Brain Death
Conversion Disorder, Malingering, and Related Disorders
The Screening Neurologic Exam
Conclusions
Interactive Review
References
Chapter 4 Introduction to Clinical Neuroradiology
Introduction
Imaging Planes
Computed Tomography
CT versus MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Neuroangiography
Functional Neuroimaging
Conclusions
Neuroradiological Atlas
Interactive Review
References
General References
CT
MRI
Neuroangiography
Functional Neuroimaging
Notes
Chapter 5 Brain and Environs: Cranium, Ventricles, and Meninges
ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL REVIEW
Cranial Vault and Meninges
Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid
Blood–Brain Barrier
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 5.1 Headache
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 5.2 Intracranial Mass Lesions
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 5.3 Elevated Intracranial Pressure
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 5.4 Brain Herniation Syndromes
Transtentorial Herniation
Central Herniation
Subfalcine Herniation
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 5.5 Head Trauma
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 5.6 Intracranial Hemorrhage
Epidural Hematoma
Subdural Hematoma
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Nontraumatic (Spontaneous) Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Intracerebral or Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage
Traumatic Intracerebral or Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage
Nontraumatic Intracerebral or Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage
Extracranial Hemorrhage
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 5.7 Hydrocephalus
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 5.8 Brain Tumors
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 5.9 Infectious Disorders of the Nervous System
Bacterial Infections
Viral Infections
Parasitic Infections
Fungal Infections
Prion-Related Illnesses
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 5.10 Lumbar Puncture
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 5.11 Craniotomy
Case 5.1 An Elderly Man with Headaches and Unsteady Gait
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Neuroimaging
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 5.2 Altered Mental Status Following Head Injury
Chief Complaint
History
Initial Physical Examination
Clinical Course in the Emergency Room
Follow-up Physical Examination
Discussion
Discussion
Neuroimaging
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 5.3 Delayed Unresponsiveness After Head Injury
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Neuroimaging
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 5.4 Headache and Progressive Left-Sided Weakness
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Discussion
Pathology
Case 5.5 Sudden Coma and Bilateral Posturing During Intravenous Anticoagulation
Minicase
Discussion
Neuroimaging
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 5.6 Severe Head Injury
Minicase
Neuroimaging
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 5.7 A Child with Headaches, Nausea, and Diplopia
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Neuroimaging
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 5.8 Headaches and Progressive Visual Loss
Minicase
Discussion
Neuroimaging
Discussion
Clinical Course
Related Case
Case 5.9 An Elderly Man with Progressive Gait Difficulty, Cognitive Impairment, and Incontinence
Minicase
Neuroimaging
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 5.10 A Young Man with Headache, Fever, Confusion, and Stiff Neck
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Exam
Discussion
Initial Clinical Course
Discussion
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
A Scuba Expedition through the Brain Launch the Interactive Exercise
References
General References
Headache
Elevated Intracranial Pressure
Brain Herniation Syndromes
Head Trauma
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Hydrocephalus
Brain Tumors
Infectious Disorders of the Nervous System
Lumbar Puncture
Notes
Scuba Expedition through the Brain—Answers
Chapter 6 Corticospinal Tract and Other Motor Pathways
Anatomical and Clinical Review
Motor Cortex, Sensory Cortex, and Somatotopic Organization
Basic Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord Blood Supply
General Organization of the Motor Systems
Lateral Corticospinal Tract
Autonomic Nervous System
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 6.1 Upper Motor Neuron versus Lower Motor Neuron Lesions
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 6.2 Terms Used to Describe Weakness
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 6.3 Weakness Patterns and Localization
Unilateral Face, Arm, and Leg Weakness or Paralysis
1. With No Associated Sensory Deficits Figure 6.14A
2. With Associated Somatosensory, Oculomotor, Visual, or Higher Cortical Deficits Figure 6.14B
Unilateral Arm and Leg Weakness or Paralysis Figure 6.14C
Unilateral Face and Arm Weakness or Paralysis Figure 6.14D
Unilateral Arm Weakness or Paralysis Figure 6.14E
Unilateral Leg Weakness or Paralysis Figure 6.14F
Unilateral Facial Weakness or Paralysis Figure 6.14G,H
Bilateral Arm Weakness or Paralysis Figure 6.14I
Bilateral Leg Weakness or Paralysis Figure 6.14J
Bilateral Arm and Leg Weakness or Paralysis Figure 6.14K
Generalized Weakness or Paralysis
General Comment
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 6.4 Detecting Subtle Hemiparesis at the Bedside
General Comment
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 6.5 Unsteady Gait
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 6.6 Multiple Sclerosis
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 6.7 Motor Neuron Disease
Case 6.1 Sudden Onset of Right hand Weakness
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 6.2 Sudden Onset of Left Foot Weakness
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 6.3 Sudden Onset of Right Face Weakness
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 6.4 Pure Motor Hemiparesis I
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 6.5 Pure Motor Hemiparesis II
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 6.6 Progressive Weakness, Muscle Twitching, and Cramps
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
General References
Motor Cortex, Sensory Cortex, and Somatotopic Organization
Lateral Corticospinal Tract
Other Medial and Lateral Descending Motor Systems
Autonomic Nervous System
Upper Motor Neuron versus Lower Motor Neuron Lesions
Pure Motor Hemiparesis
Gait Disorders
Multiple Sclerosis
Motor Neuron Disease
Notes
Chapter 7 Somatosensory Pathways
Anatomical and Clinical Review
Main Somatosensory Pathways
Posterior Column–Medial Lemniscal Pathway
Spinothalamic Tract and Other Anterolateral Pathways
Somatosensory Cortex
Central Modulation of Pain
The Thalamus
Relay Nuclei
Specific Thalamic Relay Nuclei
Widely Projecting (Nonspecific) Thalamic Relay Nuclei
Intralaminar Nuclei
Reticular Nucleus
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 7.1 Paresthesias
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 7.2 Spinal Cord Lesions
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 7.3 Sensory Loss: Patterns and Localization
Primary Somatosensory Cortex Figure 7.9A
Thalamic Ventral Posterior Lateral (VPL) and Ventral Posterior Medial (VPM) Nuclei or Thalamic Somatosensory Radiations Figure 7.9A
Lateral Pons or Lateral Medulla Figure 7.9B
Medial Medulla Figure 7.9C
Spinal Cord
Nerve Roots or Peripheral Nerves Figure 7.9D,E
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 7.4 Spinal Cord Syndromes
Transverse Cord Lesion Figure 7.10A
Hemicord Lesions: Brown–Séquard Syndrome Figure 7.10B
Central Cord Syndrome Figure 7.10C,D
Posterior Cord Syndrome Figure 7.10E
Anterior Cord Syndrome Figure 7.10F
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 7.5 Anatomy of Bowel, Bladder, and Sexual Function
Bladder Function
Bowel Function
Sexual Lubrication, Erectile, and Ejaculatory Function
Case 7.1 Sudden Onset of Right Arm Numbness
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Related Case
Case 7.2 Sudden Onset of Right Face, Arm, and Leg Numbness
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 7.3 A Fall Causing Paraplegia and a Sensory Level
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 7.4 Left Leg Weakness and Right Leg Numbness
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 7.5 Sensory Loss Over Both Shoulders
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 7.6 Body Tingling and Unsteady Gait
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 7.7 Hand Weakness, Pinprick Sensory Level, and Urinary Retention
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
General References
Posterior Columns and Anterolateral Pathways
Thalamus
Sensory Loss in Stroke
Spinal Cord Disorders
Anatomy of Bowel, Bladder, and Sexual Function
Chapter 8 Spinal Nerve Roots
Anatomical and Clinical Review
Segmental Organization of the Nervous System
Nerve Roots in Relation to Vertebral Bones, Discs, and Ligaments
Dermatomes and Myotomes
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 8.1 Disorders of Nerve, Neuromuscular Junction, and Muscle
Common Neuropathies
Common Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction
Common Muscle Disorders
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 8.2 Back Pain
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 8.3 Radiculopathy
Simplification: Three Nerve Roots to Remember in the Arm
Simplification: Three Nerve Roots to Remember in the Leg
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 8.4 Cauda Equina Syndrome
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 8.5 Common Surgical Approaches to the Spine
Case 8.1 Unilateral Neck Pain and Tingling Numbness in the Thumb and Index Finger
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 8.2 Unilateral Occipital and Neck Pain
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 8.3 Unilateral Shoulder Pain and Weakness
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 8.4 Blisters, Pain, and Weakness in the Left Arm
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 8.5 Unilateral Shoulder Pain and Numbness in the Index and Middle Fingers
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 8.6 Unilateral Neck Pain, Hand Weakness, and Numbness in The Ring and Little Fingers
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 8.7 Pain and Numbness in the Medial Arm
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 8.8 Low Back Pain Radiating to the Sole of the Foot and the Small Toe
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Related Case
Case 8.9 Unilateral Thigh Weakness with Pain Radiating to the Anterior Shin
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 8.10 Low Back Pain Radiating to the Big Toe
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 8.11 Saddle Anesthesia with Loss of Sphincteric and Erectile Function
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
General References
Neuromuscular Disorders
Back Pain
Cervical Radiculopathy
Thoracic Radiculopathy
Lumbosacral Radiculopathy
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Chapter 9 Major Plexuses and Peripheral Nerves
Anatomical and Clinical Review
Brachial Plexus and Lumbosacral Plexus
Simplification: Five Nerves to Remember in the Arm
Simplification: Three Nerves Acting on the Thumb
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Hand Muscles
Simplification: Five Nerves to Remember in the Leg
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 9.1 Common Plexus and Nerve Syndromes
Upper-Extremity Nerve Injuries
Brachial Plexus, Upper Trunk Injury (Erb–Duchenne Palsy)
Brachial Plexus, Lower Trunk Injury (Klumpke’s Palsy)
Axillary Neuropathy
Brachial Plexitis (brachial neuritis, Parsonage-Turner syndrome)
Radial Neuropathy
Median Neuropathy
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Ulnar Neuropathy
Lower-Extremity Nerve Injuries
Femoral Neuropathy
Sciatic Neuropathy
Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve Palsy
Obturator Nerve Palsy
Meralgia Paresthetica
Morton’s Metatarsalgia
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 9.2 Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies
Case 9.1 Complete Paralysis and Loss of Sensation in One Arm
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 9.2 A Newborn with Weakness in one Arm
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 9.3 A Blow to the Medial Arm Causing Hand Weakness and Numbness
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 9.4 Nocturnal Pain and Tingling in the Thumb, Pointer, and Middle Finger
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 9.5 Hand and Wrist Weakness After a Fall
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 9.6 Numbness and Tingling in the Pinky and Ring Finger
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 9.7 Shoulder Weakness and Numbness After Strangulation
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 9.8 Unilateral Thigh Pain, Weakness, and Numbness in a Diabetic
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 9.9 Tingling and Paralysis of the Foot After a Fall
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 9.10 A Leg Injury Resulting in Foot Drop
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 9.11 Lateral Thigh Pain and Numbness After Pregnancy
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 9.12 Dysarthria, Ptosis, and Decreased Exercise Tolerance
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Diagnostic Studies and Clinical Course
Case 9.13 Generalized Weakness and Areflexia
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Diagnostic Studies and Clinical Course
Case 9.14 Mysterious Weakness After Dinner *
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
General References
Upper Extremity
Brachial Plexus
Median Nerve
Radial Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Sciatic Nerve
Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve
Meralgia Paresthetica
Notes
Chapter 10 Cerebral Hemispheres and Vascular Supply
ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL REVIEW
Review of Main Functional Areas of Cerebral Cortex
Circle of Willis: Anterior and Posterior Circulations
Anatomy and Vascular Territories of the Three Main Cerebral Arteries
Vascular Territories of the Superficial Cerebral Structures
Vascular Territories of the Deep Cerebral Structures
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 10.1 Clinical Syndromes of the Three Cerebral Arteries
Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)
Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 10.2 Watershed Infarcts
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 10.3 Transient Ischemic Attack and Other Transient Neurologic Episodes
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 10.4 Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Treatment
Mechanisms of Ischemic Stroke
Stroke Risk Factors
Treatment and Diagnostic Workup of Ischemic Stroke and TIA
Acute management
Medium-term management
Long-term management
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 10.5 Carotid Stenosis
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 10.6 Dissection of the Carotid or Vertebral Arteries
Venous Drainage of the Cerebral Hemispheres
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 10.7 Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis
Case 10.1 Sudden-Onset Worst Headache of Life
Minicase
Discussion
Neuroimaging
Discussion and Clinical Course
Related Case
Case 10.2 Left Leg Weakness and Left Alien Hand Syndrome
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Clinical Course
Discussion
Neuroimaging
Case 10.3 Decreased Vision on One Side
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 10.4 Transient Episodes of Left Eye Blurriness or Right Hand Weakness
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 10.5 Nonfluent Aphasia with Right Face and Arm Weakness
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Initial Clinical Course
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 10.6 “Talking Ragtime”
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 10.7 Dysarthria and Hemiparesis
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 10.8 Global Aphasia, Right Hemiplegia, and Hemianopia
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Related Case
Case 10.9 Left Face and Arm Weakness
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 10.10 Left Hemineglect
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 10.11 Left Hemineglect, Hemiplegia, and Hemianopia
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Related Case
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 10.12 Unilateral Proximal Arm and Leg Weakness
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 10.13 Right Frontal Headache and Left Arm Numbness in a Woman with Gastric Carcinoma
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Initial Clinical Course
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
General References
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Middle Cerebral Artery
Posterior Cerebral Artery
Lacunar Infarcts and Other Subcortical Infarcts
Stroke Mechanisms and Treatment
Watershed Infarcts
Headache and Stroke
Cerebral Venous Anatomy and Thrombosis
Notes
Chapter 11 Visual System
ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL REVIEW
Eyes and Retina
Optic Nerves, Optic Chiasm, and Optic Tracts
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Extrageniculate Pathways
Optic Radiations to Primary Visual Cortex
Visual Processing in the Neocortex
Parallel Channels for Analyzing Motion, Form, and Color
Ocular Dominance Columns and Orientation Columns
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 11.1 Assessment of Visual Disturbances
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 11.2 Localization of Visual Field Defects
Visual Field Testing
Visual Field Defects
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 11.3 Blood Supply and Ischemia in the Visual Pathways
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 11.4 Optic Neuritis
Case 11.1 A Dark Spot Seen with One Eye
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 11.2 Vision Loss in One Eye
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 11.3 Menstrual Irregularity and Bitemporal Hemianopia
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 11.4 Hemianopia After Treatment for a Temporal Lobe Tumor
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 11.5 Visual Changes Caused by Migraine Headaches?
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 11.6 Sudden Loss of Left Vision
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 11.7 Visual Field Match-Up
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Discussion
Visual Fields in Figure 11.24A
Visual Fields in Figure 11.24B
Visual Fields in Figure 11.24C
Visual Fields in Figure 11.24D
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
General References
Retinal Artery Occlusion
Optic Nerve Disorders
Suprasellar Meningioma
Optic Tract Lesions
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Lesions
Optic Radiation and Visual Cortex Lesions
Notes
Chapter 12 Brainstem I: Surface Anatomy and Cranial Nerves
ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL REVIEW
Surface Features of the Brainstem
Skull Foramina and Cranial Nerve Exit Points
Sensory and Motor Organization of the Cranial Nerves
Functions and Course of the Cranial Nerves
CN I: Olfactory Nerve
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 12.1 Anosmia (CN I)
CN II: Optic Nerve
CN III, IV, and VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerves
CN V: Trigeminal Nerve
Trigeminal Somatic Sensory Functions
Trigeminal Branchial Motor Functions
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 12.2 Trigeminal Nerve Disorders (CN V)
CN VII: Facial Nerve
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 12.3 Facial Nerve Lesions (CN VII)
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 12.4 Corneal Reflex and Jaw Jerk Reflex (CN V, VII)
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Auditory Pathways
Vestibular Pathways
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 12.5 Hearing Loss (CN VIII)
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 12.6 Dizziness and Vertigo (CN VIII)
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
CN X: Vagus Nerve
CN XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve
CN XII: Hypoglossal Nerve
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 12.7 Disorders of CN IX, X, XI, and XII
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 12.8 Hoarseness, Dysarthria, Dysphagia, and Pseudobulbar Affect
Review: Cranial Nerve Combinations
Case 12.1 Anosmia and Visual Impairment *
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 12.2 Cheek Numbness and a Bulging Eye
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 12.3 Jaw Numbness and Episodes of Loss of Consciousness
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 12.4 Isolated Facial Weakness
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Related Case
Case 12.5 Hearing Loss and Dizziness
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 12.6 Hoarse Voice Following Cervical Disc Surgery
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Videostroboscopic Imaging
Case 12.7 Hoarseness, with Unilateral Wasting of the Neck and Tongue Muscles
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 12.8 Uncontrollable Laughter, Dysarthria, Dysphagia, and Left-Sided Weakness *
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
General References
Cribriform and Suprasellar Meningiomas
Central Nervous System Sarcoidosis
Trigeminal Nerve Lesions
Facial Nerve Lesions
Dizziness and Vertigo
Acoustic Neuroma
Glomus Jugulare
Notes
Chapter 13 Brainstem II: Eye Movements and Pupillary Control
ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL REVIEW
Extraocular Muscles, Nerves, and Nuclei
Extraocular Muscles
Extraocular Nerves and Nuclei
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 13.1 Diplopia
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 13.2 Oculomotor Palsy (CN III)
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 13.3 Trochlear Palsy (CN IV)
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 13.4 Abducens Palsy (CN VI)
The Pupils and Other Ocular Autonomic Pathways
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 13.5 Pupillary Abnormalities
Oculomotor Nerve Lesion
Horner’s Syndrome
Afferent Pupillary Defect (Marcus Gunn Pupil)
Benign (Essential, Physiological) Anisocoria
Pharmacological Miosis and Mydriasis
Light–Near Dissociation
Adie’s Myotonic Pupil
Midbrain Corectopia
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 13.6 Ptosis
Cavernous Sinus and Orbital Apex
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 13.7 Cavernous Sinus Syndrome (CN III, IV, VI, V1) and Orbital Apex Syndrome (CN II, III, IV, VI, V1)
Supranuclear Control of Eye Movements
Brainstem Circuits for Horizontal Eye Movements
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 13.8 Brainstem Lesions Affecting Horizontal Gaze
Brainstem Circuits for Vertical and Vergence Eye Movements
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 13.9 Parinaud’s Syndrome
Control of Eye Movements by the Forebrain
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 13.10 Right-Way Eyes and Wrong-Way Eyes
Cerebellar, Vestibular, and Spinal Control of Voluntary and Reflex Eye Movements
Case 13.1 Double Vision and Unilateral Eye Pain
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 13.2 A Diabetic with Horizontal Diplopia
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 13.3 Vertical Diplopia
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 13.4 Left Eye Pain and Horizontal Diplopia
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 13.5 Unilateral Headache, Ophthalmoplegia, and Forehead Numbness
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 13.6 Ptosis, Miosis, and Anhidrosis
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Related Case
Case 13.7 Wrong-Way Eyes
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 13.8 Horizontal Diplopia in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis
Minicase
Discussion
Initial Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 13.8 Horizontal Diplopia in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis (CONTINUED)
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 13.9 Headaches and Impaired Upgaze
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
General References
Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerve Palsies
Cavernous Sinus and Orbital Apex Syndromes
Horner’s Syndrome
Horizontal Gaze Disorders
Vertical Gaze Disorders and Parinaud’s Syndrome
Notes
Chapter 14 Brainstem III: Internal Structures and Vascular Supply
ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL REVIEW
Main Components of the Brainstem
Brainstem Sections
Cranial Nerve Nuclei and Related Structures
Long Tracts
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 14.1 Locked-In Syndrome
Cerebellar Circuitry
Reticular Formation and Related Structures
The Consciousness System
Widespread Projection Systems of Brainstem and Forebrain: Consciousness, Attention, and Other Functions
Anatomy of the Sleep–Wake Cycle
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 14.2 Coma and Related Disorders
Coma and Other Disorders of Consciousness
Clinical Approach to the Patient in Coma
Other Brainstem Motor, Reflex, and Autonomic Systems
Brainstem Control of Breathing
Brainstem Control of Cardiovascular Function
Brainstem Motor Control, Reflexes, and Other Functions
Brainstem Vascular Supply
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 14.3 Vertebrobasilar Vascular Disease
General Features of Posterior Circulation Disease
Case 14.1 Face and Contralateral Body Numbness, Hoarseness, Horner’s Syndrome, and Ataxia
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 14.2 Hemiparesis Sparing the Face
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 14.3 Dysarthria and Hemiparesis
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 14.4 Unilateral Face Numbness, Hearing Loss, and Ataxia
Chief Complaint
History
Discussion
Case 14.4 Unilateral Face Numbness, Hearing Loss, and Ataxia (Continued)
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 14.5 Locked in
Minicase
Discussion
Case 14.5 Locked in (Continued)
History
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Related Cases
Case 14.6 Wrong-Way Eyes, Limited Upgaze, Decreased Responsiveness, and Hemiparesis with an Amazing Recovery
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 14.7 Diplopia and Unilateral Ataxia
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Related Case
Case 14.8 Intermittent Memory Loss, Diplopia, Sparkling Lights, and Somnolence
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 14.9 Intractable Hiccups
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
General References
Locked-In Syndrome
Coma and Related Disorders of Consciousness
General Brainstem Vascular Supply and Vertebrobasilar Disease
Cervical Arterial Dissection
Medullary Infarcts
Basilar Artery Stenosis and Thrombosis
Top-of-the-Basilar Syndrome
Pontine Infarcts
Midbrain Infarcts
Notes
Chapter 15 Cerebellum
ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL REVIEW
Cerebellar Lobes, Peduncles, and Deep Nuclei
Microscopic Circuitry of the Cerebellum
Cerebellar Output Pathways
Cerebellar Input Pathways
Vascular Supply to the Cerebellum
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 15.1 Cerebellar Artery Infarcts and Cerebellar Hemorrhage
Cerebellar Hemorrhage
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 15.2 Clinical Findings and Localization of Cerebellar Lesions
Truncal Ataxia versus Appendicular Ataxia
Ipsilateral Localization of Ataxia
False Localization of Ataxia
Symptoms and Signs of Cerebellar Disorders
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 15.3 Differential Diagnosis of Ataxia
Case 15.1 Sudden Onset of Unilateral Ataxia
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Related Cases
Case 15.2 Walking Like a Drunkard
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 15.3 A Boy with Headaches, Nausea, Slurred Speech, and Ataxia
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 15.4 Nausea, Progressive Unilateral Ataxia, and Right Face Numbness
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 15.5 A Family with Slowly Progressive Ataxia and Dementia
Chief Complaint
History
Family History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
General References
Cerebellar Vascular Disorders
Other Cerebellar Disorders
Notes
Chapter 16 Basal Ganglia
ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL REVIEW
Basic Three-Dimensional Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia
Input, Output, and Intrinsic Connections of the Basal Ganglia
Inputs to the Basal Ganglia
Outputs from the Basal Ganglia
Intrinsic Basal Ganglia Connections
Hyperkinetic and Hypokinetic Movement Disorders
Parallel Basal Ganglia Pathways for General Movement, Eye Movement, Cognition, and Emotion
Ansa Lenticularis, Lenticular Fasciculus, and the Fields of Forel
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 16.1 Movement Disorders
Bradykinesia, Hypokinesia, and Akinesia
Rigidity
Dystonia
Athetosis
Chorea
Ballismus
Tics
Myoclonus
Tremor
Restless Leg Syndrome
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 16.2 Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders
Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease
Other Causes of Parkinsonism
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 16.3 Huntington’s Disease
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 16.4 Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Deep Brain Stimulation
Case 16.1 Unilateral Flapping and Flinging*
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 16.2 Irregular Jerking Movements and Marital Problems
Chief Complaint
History
Family History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Related Case
Case 16.3 Asymmetrical Resting Tremor, Rigidity, Bradykinesia, and Gait Difficulties
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Problems with On–Off Fluctuations
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Related Case
Case 16.4 Bilateral Bradykinesia, Rigidity, and Gait Instability with no Tremor
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Postmortem Examination
Case 16.5 Childhood Dystonia
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Related Case (Courtesy of Dr. Stephen E. Grill)
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
Anatomy and Circuit Connections of the Basal Ganglia
General Movement Disorders
Hemichorea or Hemiballismus
Tourette’s Syndrome
Dystonia
Kernicterus
Wilson’s Disease
Tremor
Restless Legs Syndrome
Parkinson’s Disease
Other Parkinsonian Disorders
Huntington’s Disease and Other Chorea Disorders
Stereotactic Surgery and Deep Brain Stimulation
Notes
Chapter 17 Pituitary and Hypothalamus
ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL REVIEW
Overall Anatomy of the Pituitary and Hypothalamus
Important Hypothalamic Nuclei and Pathways
Major Hypothalamic Nuclei
Hypothalamic Control of the Autonomic Nervous System
Hypothalamic–Limbic Pathways
Other Regionalized Functions of the Hypothalamus
Endocrine Functions of the Pituitary and Hypothalamus
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 17.1 Pituitary Adenoma and Related Disorders
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 17.2 Diabetes Insipidus and SIADH
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 17.3 Panhypopituitarism
Case 17.1 Moon Facies, Acne, Amenorrhea, and Hypertension
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Case 17.1 Moon Facies, Acne, Amenorrhea, and Hypertension (Continued)
Initial Test Results
Discussion
Case 17.1 Moon Facies, Acne, Amenorrhea, and Hypertension (Continued)
Petrosal Sinus Sampling
Discussion
Case 17.1 Moon Facies, Acne, Amenorrhea, and Hypertension (Continued)
Transsphenoidal Surgery
Discussion
Case 17.1 Moon Facies, Acne, Amenorrhea, and Hypertension (Continued)
Hyponatremia
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 17.2 Impotence, Anorexia, Polyuria, Blurred Vision, Headaches, and Hearing Loss*
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Case 17.2 Impotence, Anorexia, Polyuria, Blurred Vision, Headaches, and Hearing Loss (Continued)
Results of Laboratory Tests
Localization of Other Abnormalities in This Patient, and Differential Diagnosis
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 17.3 A Child with Giggling Episodes and Aggressive Behavior
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
Notes
Chapter 18 Limbic System: Homeostasis, Olfaction, Memory, and Emotion
ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL REVIEW
Overview of Limbic Structures
Olfactory System
Hippocampal Formation and Other Memory-Related Structures
Hippocampal Formation and Parahippocampal Gyrus
Intrinsic Circuitry of the Hippocampal Formation
Input and Output Connections of the Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System
The Fornix and Medial Diencephalic Memory Pathways
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 18.1 Memory Function and Memory Disorders
Patient H.M.: A Landmark Case of Amnesia
Lessons Learned from H.M.: Classification of Memory and Memory Disorders
Beyond Declarative Memory: Other Functions of the Hippocampus
Differential Diagnosis of Memory Loss
The Amygdala: Emotions, Drives, and Other Functions
Other Limbic Pathways
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 18.2 Seizures and Epilepsy
Definitions and Incidence
Classification
Diagnosis
Etiology
Treatment
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 18.3 Anatomical and Neuropharmacological Basis of Psychiatric Disorders
Schizophrenia
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Anxiety
Depression and Mania
Case 18.1 Sudden Memory Loss After a Mild Head Injury
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course
Case 18.2 Progressive Severe Memory Loss, with Mild Confabulation
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 18.3 Memory Loss, Double Vision, and Incoordination
Chief Complaint
History
Social History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 18.4 Episodes of Panic, Olfactory Hallucinations, and Loss of Awareness
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 18.5 Episodes of Staring, Lip Smacking, and Unilateral Semipurposeful Movements
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
General References
Memory and Memory Disorders
Seizures and Epilepsy
Psychiatric Disorders
Notes
Chapter 19 Higher-Order Cerebral Function
ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL REVIEW
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.1 The Mental Status Exam
Unimodal and Heteromodal Association Cortex
Principles of Cerebral Localization and Lateralization
The Dominant Hemisphere: Language Processing and Related Functions
Anatomy of Language Processing
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.2 Differential Diagnosis of Language Disorders
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.3 Bedside Language Exam
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.4 Broca’s Aphasia
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.5 Wernicke’s Aphasia
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.6 Simplified Aphasia Classification Scheme
Recovery from Aphasia
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.7 Other Syndromes Related to Aphasia
Alexia and Agraphia
Gerstmann’s Syndrome
Apraxia
Aphemia (Verbal Apraxia)
Cortical Deafness, Pure Word Deafness, and Nonverbal Auditory Agnosia
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.8 Disconnection Syndromes
The Nondominant Hemisphere: Spatial Processing and Lateralized Attention
Lateralized Aspects of Attention
Spatial Analysis and Integration
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.9 Hemineglect Syndrome
Testing for Hemineglect on Patient Examination
Testing for Sensory Neglect
Testing for Motor-Intentional Neglect
Combined Testing for Sensory and Motor Neglect
Conceptual Neglect
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.10 Other Clinical Features of Nondominant Hemisphere Lesions
The Frontal Lobes: Anatomy and Functions of an Enigmatic Brain Region
Regional Anatomy of the Frontal Lobes
Connections of the Prefrontal Cortex
Functions of the Frontal Lobes
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.11 Frontal Lobe Disorders
Evaluating Patients with Suspected Frontal Lobe Dysfunction
Differential Diagnosis of Frontal Lobe Disorders
Visual Association Cortex: Higher-Order Visual Processing
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.12 Disorders of Higher-Order Visual Processing
Syndromes of Primary Visual Cortex
Syndromes of the Inferior Occipitotemporal Cortex
Syndromes of the Dorsolateral Parieto-Occipital Cortex
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.13 Auditory Hallucinations
The Consciousness System Revisited: Anatomy of Attention
General Mechanisms of Attention
Anatomy of Attention
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.14 Attentional Disorders
Testing Sustained Attention
Differential Diagnosis of Disorders of Sustained Attention
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.15 Delirium and Other Acute Mental Status Disorders
KEY CLINICAL CONCEPT 19.16 Dementia and Other Chronic Mental Status Disorders
Causes and Evaluation of Dementia
Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease
Clinical Features of Alzheimer’s Disease
Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Brain Mechanisms of Conscious Awareness: Detect, Pulse, Switch, and Wave Model
Content of Consciousness, Level of Consciousness, and the Consciousness System
Conscious States and Conscious Events
Consciousness Is Nonlinear and Involves Large-Scale Brain Networks
The Timeline of Consciousness
Attention, Memory, and Conscious Awareness
Detect, Pulse, Switch, and Wave Model
Unanswered Questions and Future Work
Case 19.1 Acute Severe Aphasia, with Improvement
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination (Hospital Day 1)
Follow-up Exam (Hospital Day 3)
Follow-up Exam (Hospital Day 5)
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 19.2 Nonsensical Speech
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Additional Basic Aphasia Cases
Case 19.3 Aphasia with Preserved Repetition
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 19.4 Impaired Repetition
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 19.5 Inability to Read, with Preserved Writing Skills
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 19.6 Left Hemineglect*
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Related Case
Case 19.7 Abulia
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Related Cases
Case 19.8 Blindness without Awareness of Deficit
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 19.9 Sudden Inability to Recognize Faces
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 19.10 Musical Hallucinations
Minicase
Discussion
Clinical Course and Neuroimaging
Case 19.11 Progressive Dementia, Beginning with Memory Problems
Chief Complaint
History
Physical Examination
Discussion
Clinical Course
Pathology
Additional Cases
Interactive Review
Brief Anatomical Study Guide
References
General References
Language and Aphasia
Gerstmann’s Syndrome
Alexia without Agraphia
Apraxia
Callosal Disconnection Syndromes
Right Parietal Lobe and Hemineglect
Frontal Lobes
Working Memory
Higher Visual Processing and Disorders
Tinnitus and Musical Hallucinations
Attention
Dementia
Consciousness
Notes
Epilogue A Simple Working Model of the Mind
Basic Assumptions
Summary and Model of Mind Functions
Case Index
Subject Index
List of Illustrations
List of Tables

What makes us different?

• Instant Download

• Always Competitive Pricing

• 100% Privacy

• FREE Sample Available

• 24-7 LIVE Customer Support