Description
Neonatology Questions and Controversies: Infectious Disease, Immunology, and Pharmacology 2nd Edition, ISBN-13: 978-0323879064
[PDF eBook eTextbook] – Available Instantly
376 pages
Publisher: Cambridge University Press; 1 edition (November 26, 2001)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0521792851
ISBN-13: 978-0521792851
NOTE: This book is a standalone book and will not include any access codes.
Dr. Richard Polin’s Neonatology Questions and Controversies series highlights the toughest challenges facing physicians and care providers in clinical practice, offering trustworthy guidance on up-to-date diagnostic and treatment options in the field. In each volume, renowned experts address the clinical problems of greatest concern to today’s practitioners, helping you handle difficult practice issues and provide optimal, evidence-based care to every patient.
The thoroughly updated, full-color, 2nd Edition of Infectious Disease, Immunology, and Pharmacology:
- Provides a clear management strategy for common and rare neonatal infectious diseases, offering guidance based on the most up-to-date understanding of underlying pathophysiology
- Places emphasis on controversial areas that can entail different approaches
- Features the most current clinical information throughout, including a new immunology section that covers inborn errors of immunity presenting in the newborn period and clinical and molecular markers for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis
- Includes new chapters on COVID-19; congenital syphilis; gonococcal eye prophylaxis; organ dysfunction in sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis; and drug-associated acute kidney injury
- Utilizes a consistent chapter organization to help you find information quickly and easily, and contains numerous charts, graphs, radiographic images, and photographs throughout
- Offers the most authoritative advice available from world-class neonatologists who share their knowledge of new trends and developments in neonatal care
Table of Contents:
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Other Volumes in the Neonatology Questions and Controversies Series
Copyright
Contributors
Series Foreword
Preface
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
SECTION 1. Infectious Disease
1. Management of the asymptomatic newborn at risk for sepsis
Introduction
Approaches to EOS risk assessment among well-appearing term infants
Areas of controversy
References
2. Empiric therapy for neonatal sepsis
Early-onset sepsis
Late-onset sepsis
Low-resource settings
Conclusion
References
3. When and how to treat neonatal CMV infection
Clinical significance
Treatment of congenital CMV
Treatment of postnatal CMV infection
References
4. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection
Introduction
Timing of infection
Risk factors for neonatal infection
Clinical manifestations of neonatal infection and disease
Diagnosis of neonatal HSV disease
Treatment of neonatal HSV disease
Outcomes of neonatal HSV with treatment
Approach to neonates exposed to active HSV lesions at delivery
Prevention of neonatal HSV disease
Conclusion
References
5. Antibiotic stewardship
Antibiotic stewardship programs: We were warned
Early days: Reporting emergent resistance and antibiotic practice and outcome variation in NICUs
Emergence of multicenter reports on antimicrobial practice variations
Large-scale stewardship in the NICU
NICUs join the antibiotic stewardship wave
Ongoing challenges
Actionable items
References
6. Neonatal fungal infections
How are invasive Candida infections defined?
How does Candida cause invasive infections?
What are predisposing factors for ICIs in the neonatal intensive care unit?
What factors contribute to the virulence of Candida?
Which organisms cause ICIs in the NICU?
What is the incidence of ICIs in the NICU?
What is the neurodevelopmental impairment impact and survival among infants who develop ICIs and what factors can improve these outcomes?
What is the most common skin finding with CCC and how is it diagnosed and managed?
How long are blood cultures positive with candidemia?
What screening is needed to diagnose end-organ dissemination for each site of ICI?
What are risk factors for renal candidiasis?
Can meningitis and central nervous system involvement occur without candidemia?
Is it more common for Candida peritonitis to occur with focal bowel perforation or nec?
Is preemptive treatment indicated if Candida is isolated from an endotracheal culture?
Endophthalmitis and retinopathy of prematurity
Who are high-risk infants for whom antifungal prophylaxis could be considered?
What is the average time required to identify Candida from culture?
How good are the newer laboratory diagnostic adjunctive tests?
Are cases of mold infections on the rise?
References
7. When to perform lumbar puncture in infants at risk for meningitis in the neonatal intensive care unit
Introduction
Increased susceptibility to meningitis in premature infants
Role of LP in the evaluation of early-onset sepsis
Role of LP in the evaluation of late-onset sepsis
Role of LP in viral meningitis
Risks associated with LP in newborn infants
Role of ultrasound in performing LPs
Are there any contraindications to performing an LP in the newborn infant?
LPs in the setting of antibiotic exposure: Are they useful?
Emerging role of the BioFire FilmArray
Repeating LPs in infants with meningitis: Is it necessary?
LPs in infants with intraventricular drainage device–associated infection
Summary
References
8. Perinatal and neonatal considerations in COVID-19
Introduction
Prenatal and obstetrical considerations
Neonatal COVID-19 diagnosis and management
Ethical and psychosocial considerations
References
9. Congenital syphilis
Introduction
Treponema pallidum
Transmission
Clinical significance and outcomes
Diagnosis
Treatment
Special considerations
Follow-up
Summary
References
10. Gonococcal eye prophylaxis—are mandates still justified?
Introduction
Macrolide resistance in N. gonorrhoeae
Macrolide pharmacokinetic considerations in treatment of gonococcal conjunctivitis
Efficacy of neonatal ocular prophylaxis for prevention of neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis
Impact of prenatal screening and treatment on the incidence of neonatal gonococcal ophthalmia
Conclusions
References
11. Organ dysfunction in sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis
Organ dysfunction severity
The pathogen
The host
The treatment
Organ dysfunction in sepsis and NEC by system
Guidelines and monitoring
Conclusion
References
SECTION 2. Pharmacology
12. Antibiotic considerations for necrotizing enterocolitis
Pathogenesis of NEC
Clinical presentation and diagnosis of NEC
Antimicrobial therapy in the management of NEC
Conclusion
References
13. Antiseizure medications and treatments in neonates
Introduction
Antiseizure medications
Other therapies
Discontinuation of therapy
Conclusion
References
14. Neuroprotective therapies in newborns
Introduction
Neuroprotective therapies and strategies for premature infants
Care bundles to reduce IVH and improve neurodevelopmental outcome
Antenatal betamethasone
Magnesium sulfate
Caffeine
Indomethacin
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents: Erythropoietin/darbepoetin
Management of pain versus impact of analgesics and sedatives on the developing brain
Neuroprotective strategies for term infants
Clinically available treatments: Therapeutic hypothermia
Therapies under study
References
15. Pharmacological therapy of neonatal abstinence syndrome
Terminology
Problems in the management of NAS
Clinical definition
Clinical assessment
Management of NAS
Medications
Weaning process
Adjunct medications
Conclusions
References
16. Vasodilator drugs for pulmonary hypertension in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Introduction
Pathophysiology and risk factors
Diagnosis
Management
Drug safety and efficacy
Drug influence on long-term outcomes
Prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Conclusions
References
17. Drug-associated acute kidney injury in neonates
Introduction
Background
Nephrotoxin-induced AKI
Nephrotoxic medications
Management of drug-associated AKI
Long-term effects of drug-associated AKI in neonates
References
SECTION 3. Immunology
18. Recent advances and controversies in inborn errors of immunity presenting in the newborn period
Inborn errors of immunity presenting in the newborn period
Diagnostic approach to a neonate with suspected IEI
Management and treatment of neonates with a suspected or known inborn error of immunity
References
19. Clinical and molecular markers to assist decision-making in neonatal sepsis
Introduction
Decision-making in neonatal sepsis
Conceptual framework for decision-making in neonatal sepsis
Clinical markers of sepsis
Molecular markers of neonatal sepsis
Multimodal approaches
Future perspectives
Conclusions
References
Index
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