Description
Choices in Relationships 14th Edition by David Knox, ISBN-13: 978-1071870167
[PDF eBook eTextbook]
- Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc; Fourteenth edition (April 4, 2023)
- Language: English
- 560 pages
- ISBN-10: 1071870165
- ISBN-13: 978-1071870167
Choices in Relationships takes readers through the lifespan of relationships, marriages, and families, and utilizes research to help them make deliberate, informed choices in their interpersonal relationships. Drawing on extensive research, authors David Knox, Caroline Schacht, and I. Joyce Chang challenge students to think critically about the choice-making process, consider the consequences involved with choices, view situations in a positive light, and understand that not making a choice is a choice after all. The Fourteenth Edition features over 1000 new citations, increased emphasis and discussion of diversity and inclusion throughout each chapter, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals, couples, and families.
Table of Contents:
List of Boxes
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Chapter 1 Choices in Relationships: An Introduction to Marriage and the Family
Choices in Relationships—View of the Text
Facts About Choices in Relationships
Not to Decide Is to Decide
Action Must Follow a Choice
Choices Involve Trade-Offs
Some Choices Require Correction
Choices Include Selecting a Positive or a Negative View
Most Choices Are Revocable; Some Are Not
Choices About the Use of Technology
Choices Are Influenced by the Stage in the Family Life Cycle
Influence of Social and Cultural Forces on Choices
Globalization
Social Structure
Culture
Theories of Marriage and the Family
Social Exchange Framework
Family Life Course Development Framework
Structure-Function Framework
Conflict Framework
Feminist Framework
Symbolic Interaction Framework
Definition of the Situation
Looking-Glass Self
Family Systems Framework
Human Ecology Framework
Couple and Family Technology Framework
Marriage
Elements of Modern Marriage
Legal Contract
Emotional Connection
Sexual Monogamy
Legal Responsibility for Children
Public Announcement
Types of Marriage
Marriage—Then and Now
Family
Definitions of Family
Pets
Types of Families
Family of Origin
Family of Procreation
Nuclear, Binuclear, and Blended Families
Extended Family
Traditional, Modern, and Postmodern Family
Differences Between Marriage and Family
Changes in Marriage and the Family in the Last 70 Years
The Process and Quality of Research
Steps in the Research Process
Quality Research
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 2 Love Relationships
Ways of Viewing Love
Romantic Love
Realistic Love
Triangular View of Love
Love Styles
Ludic
Pragma
Eros
Mania
Storge
Agape
Languages of Love
Social Control of Love
Theories on the Origins of Love
Evolutionary Theory
Learning Theory
Sociological Theory
Psychosexual Theory
Biochemical Theory
Falling in Love and Keeping Love Alive
Social Conditions for Love
Psychological Conditions for Love
Perception of Reciprocal Liking
Personality Qualities
Self-Esteem
Self-Disclosure
Physiological Condition of Love
Cognitive Condition for Love
“Right Time” Condition of Love
Technology and Love
Keeping Love Alive Across Time
Love Problems
Unrequited or Unreciprocated Love
Making Risky, Dangerous Choices
Difficulty in Maintaining a Romantic Relationship
Disapproval of Parents and Friends
Simultaneous Loves
Emotionally Abusive Relationships
Gaslighting
Romance Fraud
Profound Sadness and Depression When a Relationship Ends
Jealousy in Relationships
Types of Jealousy
Causes of Jealousy
External Causes
Internal Causes
Consequences of Jealousy
Desirable Outcomes
Undesirable Outcomes
Gender Differences in Coping With Jealousy
Polyamory
Advantages and Disadvantages of Polyamory
From Polyamory to Monogamy: One Person’s Experience
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 3 Gender Diversity and Relationships
Sex: M, F, or X?
The Multidimensional Spectrum of Sex
Intersex
Gender, Gender Identity, and Gender Role Variations
Androgyny
Gender Identity, Variations, and Pronouns
Gender Roles and Gender Ideology
Gender Socialization
Family
Peers
Religion
Mass Media
Gender Inequality and Socialization Outcomes
Inequality in Poverty Rates and Income
Occupational Sex Segregation
Education Gender Gap
Body Image Concerns and Dissatisfaction
Gender Imbalance in Political Leadership
Gender Gap in Life Expectancy and Health
“Toxic Masculinity”
Unequal Pressure to Conform to Gender Norms and Roles
Gender Equality as a Human Rights Issue
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 4 Singlehood, Cohabitation, and Living Apart Together
Singlehood
Categories of Singles
Never-Married Singles
Widowed Singles
Individuals Are Delaying Marriage
Benefits of Singlehood and Limitations of Marriage
Singlism
Hanging Out, Hooking Up, and Long Distance Relationships
Hanging Out
Hooking Up
Hookups That Transition to Romantic Relationships
Long-Distance Relationships
Cohabitation
Types of Cohabitation Relationships
Consequences of Cohabitation
Advantages of Cohabitation
Disadvantages of Cohabitation
Pregnancy as a Precursor to Cohabitation
Legal Aspects of Cohabitation
Common-Law Marriage
Child Support
Child Inheritance and Access to Parents After Breakup
Living Apart Together (LAT)
Advantages of LAT
Disadvantages of LAT
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 5 Selecting a Partner
Sociological Factors and Mate Selection
Sociological Factors Operative in Mate Selection
Race
Religion and Spirituality
Education
Family Rituals
Income
Social Class
Age
Dog Lover?
Open-Mindedness
Marital Status
Politics
Relationship Status: Poaching
Psychological Factors and Mate Selection
Complementary Needs Theory
Exchange Theory
Role Theory
Attachment Theory
Undesirable Personality Characteristics of a Potential Mate
Female Attraction to “Bad Boys”
Physical and Cultural Factors and Mate Selection
Physical Factors Operative in Mate Selection
Physical Attractiveness
Disability
Sexual Desire
Sociobiological Factors Operative in Mate Selection
Sociobiology
Criticisms of the Sociobiological Perspective
Cultural Factors Operative in Mate Selection
Endogamy
Exogamy
Finding a Partner Online Using Apps
Meeting Online—Advantages
Meeting Online—Disadvantages
Catfishing
Ghosting
Speed Dating
Stages Leading to Commitment
Having “The Talk”
Engagement
Premarital Counseling
Different Levels of Attraction, Love, and Commitment
Visiting Your Partner’s Parents
Prenuptial Agreement
Important Considerations Before You Say “I Do”
Call Off the Wedding if It Doesn’t Feel Right
Avoid Teen Marriage
Date Partner for at Least 3 Years Before Getting Married
Marry Someone Similar to You
Be Aware That an On-and-Off Relationship Is a Bad Sign
Consider Your Parents’ Opinion of Your Partner
Don’t Settle
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 6 Diversity in Marriages and Families
Benefits and Societal Functions of Marriage
Spousal Benefits of Marriage
Impact of COVID-19 on Marriage Satisfaction
Societal Functions of Marriage
Marriage as a Commitment
Person-to-Person Commitment
Family-to-Family Commitment
Arranged Marriage
Couple-to-State Commitment
Marriage as a Rite of Passage
Weddings
Honeymoons
Changes After Marriage
Diverse Marriages and Families
African American Families
Hispanic, Latino, and Latina Families
Asian American Families
Muslim American Families
Indigenous Families
Immigrant Families
Polyamorous Families
Military Families
Interracial and Multiracial Marriages
International Marriages
Age-Discrepant Relationships and Marriages
College Marriage
Marriage Quality
Definition and Characteristics of Successful Marriages
Theoretical Views of Marital Happiness and Success
Marital Happiness Across Time
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 7 LGBTQ+ Relationships
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Sexual Orientation Variations
Problems of Sexual Orientation Classification
Gender Identity
Origins of Sexual Orientation Diversity
Research on the Origins of Sexual Orientation Diversity
Beliefs About What “Causes” Sexual Orientation
Earlier Views of Homosexuality as a Mental Disorder
Conversion Therapy
Heterosexism, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Anti-LGBTQ+ Prejudice and Stereotypes
Discrimination Against LGBTQ+ Individuals
Effects of Prejudice and Discrimination on LGBTQ+ Individuals
The Intersection of Race and Ethnicity and Anti-LGBTQ+ Status
Effects of LGBTQ+ Prejudice and Discrimination on Non-LGBTQ+ Individuals
Coming out of the LGBTQ+ Closet
Deciding to Come Out: Reasons, Risks, and Benefits
Coming Out to Family
Coming Out as Transgender
LGBTQ+ Couple Relationships and Marriages
Same-Sex Marriage
Comparisons of LGBTQ+ and Different-Sex Relationships
Sexual Behavior and Interactions in LGBTQ+ Relationships
Unique Challenges for Same-Sex Relationships
Relationships of Transgender Individuals
Mixed-Orientation Relationships
LGBTQ+ Families and Parenting
Gay Fathers
Lesbian Mothers
Development and Well-Being of Children With Gay or Lesbian Parents
Transgender Parents and Their Children
Moving Forward: The Fight for LGBTQ+ Equality
LGBTQ+ Rights in the United States
Cultural Changes and Acceptance of LGBTQ+ Persons and Families
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 8 Communication and Technology in Relationships
Factors in Interpersonal Communication
Effective Communication
Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
Words Versus Action
Gender Differences in Communication
Communication Choices for Relationship Enhancement
Revealing One’s Self, Secrets, and The Past
Dishonesty, Cheating, and STI Status
Dishonesty
Cheating in Romantic Relationships
Technology and Romantic Relationships
Technology Use During COVID-19
Texting and Relationships
Sexting
When Social Media and Texting Become a Problem
Conflict Resolution
Address Recurring, Disturbing Issues
Understand Your Partner’s Perspective
Identify New Desired Behaviors
Change Your View
Generate Alternative Win-Win Solutions
Forgive
Avoid Recovery Sabotage
Be Alert to Defense Mechanisms
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 9 Sexuality in Relationships
Sexual Values and Sexual Choices
Absolutism
Virginity: Ways of Viewing and Reasons for Virginity
Relativism
Script for Delaying Intercourse in a Relationship
Hedonism
Sexual Double Standard
Covid-19 Impact on Sexuality
Covid-19 and Sexual Choices
Sexual Behaviors: An Overview
What Is Sex?
Kissing
Masturbation
Oral Sex
Vaginal Intercourse
Anal Intercourse
Rough Sex
Sexual Competence
Cybersex
Keeping Secrets About Sexual Behaviors
Sexuality in Relationships
Sexual Communication
Sexual Tempo
Being Partnered
Sex in Marriage
Social Legitimacy
Declining Frequency
Sex Among the Separated and Divorced
Sex Between Persons in a Friends-With-Benefits Relationship
Concurrent Sexual Partnerships
Consensual Nonmonogamous Relationships
Sexuality in Swinging Relationships
When One’s Sexual Partner Is Transgender
Safer Sex
Condom Assertiveness
STIs
The Illusion of Safety in a “Monogamous” Relationship
Sexual Fulfillment: Some Prerequisites
Self-Knowledge, Body Image, and Health
A Committed and Equal Relationship
Sexual Mindfulness
Resolve Sexual Dysfunctions
Open Sexual Communication and Feedback
Realistic Expectations
Communication When Interest in Sex Differs
Sexual Compliance
Spectatoring
Sexual Growth Beliefs
Pornography
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 10 Violent and Abusive Relationships
Types of Violence and Abuse
Intimate Partner Violence
Abuse in Marriage
Emotional and Cyber Abuse
Female Abuse of Partner
Murder
Stalking
Revenge Porn
Sextortion
Recognizing and Resisting Abuse
Recognizing Abuse
Fighting Back: What Is the Best Strategy?
Reacting to the Stalker
Alerting a Friend About Abuse in Their Relationship
Reasons for Violence and Abuse
Cultural Factors
Gender Inequality
Relationship Factors
Family Factors
Child Abuse in Family of Origin
Family Conflict
Prevention and Intervention
Sexual Coercion, Sexual Assault, and Rape
Who Commits Rape?
Rape Myths
Sexual Abuse in Same-Sex Relationships
Male Rape
Alcohol and Rape
Rohypnol, GHB, Special K
Campus Sexual Assault
Reducing Sexual Violence on Campus
Affirmative Consent
The Cycle of Abuse
Why Victims Stay in Abusive Relationships
How to Leave an Abusive Relationship
Child, Parent, Sibling, and Parental Abuse
Child Abuse
Child Sexual Abuse
Sibling Abuse
Parental or Elder Abuse
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 11 Planning Children
Factors in Deciding Whether to Have Children
The Influence of COVID-19 on Family Planning
Social Influences That Encourage Childbearing
Family of Orientation
Partner
Friends and Siblings
Religion
Race
Sexual Orientation
Government
Media
Cultural Factors
Individual Motivations for Having Children
Lifestyle Changes and Economic Costs of Parenthood
Lifestyle Changes
Financial Costs
Number of Desired Children?
Zero: Choosing to Be Child-Free?
One Child?
Two Children?
Three Children?
Four or More Children?
Multiple Partner Fertility
Contraception
Methods of Contraception
Male Contraceptive?
Unintended Pregnancies
Abortion
Incidence of Induced Abortion
Pro-Life Position
Pro-Choice Position
Supreme Court Reversal of Roe v. Wade
Physical Effects of Abortion
Psychological Effects of Abortion
Effects of Being Denied an Abortion
Miscarriage
Teenage Parenthood
Infertility
Causes of Infertility
Help With Infertility Through Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
Hormone Therapy
Artificial Insemination
Home Insemination Technique for LGBTQ Couples
Surrogacy
In Vitro Fertilization
Adoption
Costs of Adoption
Open Versus Closed Adoptions
Internet Adoption
Foster Parenting
Transracial Adoption
The Experience of Children Who are Adopted
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 12 Diversity in Parenting
The Choices Perspective of Parenting
Nature of Parenting Choices
COVID-19 and Parenting
The “Good Enough” Parent
Basic Parenting Choices
Transition to Parenthood
Transition to Motherhood
Postpartum Depression, Peripartum Depression, and Maternal Well-Being
Cognitive Labor of Parenting
Transition to Fatherhood
Transition From a Couple to a Family
Parenting Roles, Styles, and Theories
Parental Roles
Parents Are Only One Influence on a Child’s Development
Parenting Styles Differ
Overparenting and Helicopter Parenting
Theories of Child Rearing
Principles of Effective Parenting
Give Time, Love, Praise, Encouragement, and Acceptance
Monitor Teen Activities
Send Teen to “Tough-Love” Wilderness Camp?
Monitor Social Media and Cell Phone Use, Texting, and Sexting
Follow the Rules for Social Media
Provide Discipline
Develop Rules for Boomerang Children?
Teach Emotional Competence and Empathy
Provide Sex Education
Single-Parent Issues
Single Parenthood by Choice
Challenges Faced by Single Parents
Incarcerated Parenting
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 13 Employment and Relationships
Employment, Individuals, and Relationships
Employment and Job Satisfaction
Money and Employment
Types of Dual-Career Marriages
Effects of Two Careers on One Relationship
Effects of Wife’s Income on Marriage Stability
Impact of Employment on Parents
Effects of the Mother’s Employment on the Mother
Impact of Working From Home During COVID-19 on Parents
Gig Economy and Sharing Economy Jobs
Creator Economy
Impact of Employment on Children
Effects of the Mother’s Employment on Children
Effects of the Father’s Employment on Children
Quality Time
Child Care Considerations
Quality of Child Care
Cost of Child Care
Latchkey Children
Balancing Employment and Family Life
Adopting a Superperson Strategy
Cognitive Restructuring and Reframing
Delegating Responsibility
Using Time Management
Engaging in Role Compartmentalization
Integrating Leisure and Family Life
Functions of Leisure
Individual and Relationship Problems Related to Leisure
Intrusive Technology
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 14 Stress, Crisis, and Resilience in Relationships
Definitions of Stress, Crisis, and Resilience
Definitions of Stress and Crisis Events
Resilient Families
A Family Stress-Coping Model
Stress Management Strategies
Choosing a Positive Perspective
Dyadic Coping
Exercise
Caution Regarding Use of Social Media
Religion and Spirituality
Humor
Sleep
Video Games
Pets
Harmful Stress Management Strategies
COVID-19, Mental Illness, and Infidelity
COVID-19
Physical Illness
Mental Illness
Infidelity
Reasons for Infidelity
Demographic Factors: Divorce or Staying Married after an Affair
Poverty, Substance Use, and Estrangement
Poverty and Unemployment
Alcohol and Substance Abuse
Estrangement
Problematic Letter of Amends
Good Letter of Amends
Suicide, Death of One’s Child, and Death by Police
Suicide of a Family Member
Death of One’s Child
Death by Police
Marriage and Family Therapy
Training and Availability of Marriage and Family Therapists
Effectiveness of Relationship and Marriage Therapy
Relationship Teletherapy
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 15 Divorce, Remarriage, and Stepfamilies
Definition and Demographics of Divorce
Macro Factors Contributing to Divorce
Economic Factors Associated With Divorce
Changing Family Functions and Structure
Liberal Divorce Laws
Ethnicity and Cultural Values
Increased Social Acceptance and Less Stigma
Micro Factors Contributing to Divorce
Incompatibility and Growing Apart
Changing Values, Needs, or Identities
Mental Health Problems and Addiction
Decreased Positive Behavior; Increased Negative Behavior or Abuse
Infidelity
Poor Communication and Inadequate Conflict Resolution Skills
Consequences of Separation and Divorce for Adults and Children
Impact on Adults’ Mental Health and Emotional Well-Being
Financial Consequences, Child Support, and Alimony
Child Support
Alimony
Financial Issues for Same-Sex Couples
Parental Alienation
Physical and Legal Child Custody
Consequences of Divorce for Children
Minimizing Negative Effects of Divorce on Children
Conditions for a “Successful” Divorce
Dating After Divorce, Remarriage, and Stepfamilies
Dating Again: Benefits and Challenges
Remarriage
Boundary Maintenance
Emotional and Psychological Remarriage
Community and Parental Remarriage
Economic and Legal Remarriage
Stepfamilies
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 16 The Later Years
The Concepts of Age and “Older Adults”
Ageism
Everyday Ageism
Ageism in Employment and Health Care
Ageism in Employment
Ageism in Health Care
Reducing Ageism
Health Care, Housing, and Economic Concerns
Physical and Mental Health of Older Americans
Health Care and Long-Term Care for Older Adults
Medicare
Long-Term Care for Older Adults
Home-Based Care
Adult Day Care
Assisted-Living Facilities
Nursing Homes
Continuing Care Retirement Community
Hospice Care
Housing and Living Arrangements of Older U.S. Adults
Poverty, Retirement, and Social Security Concerns of Older Adults
Poverty in the 65+ U.S. Population
Retirement and Social Security
Sexuality, Relationships, Divorce, and Widowhood
Sexuality in the Later Years
Marital and Partner Relationships Among Older Adults
Divorce in Later Life
Widowhood
Remarriage and Re-Partnering in the Later Years
Grandparenthood
Grandfamilies
Step-Grandparenting
Successful Aging
Summary
Key Terms
Special Topic I: Careers in Family Science
Special Topics II: Family Autobiography Outline
Self-Assessment
Glossary
References
Index
David Knox, Ph.D., is Professor of Sociology at East Carolina University, where he teaches courtship and marriage, marriage and the family, and sociology of human sexuality. He is a marriage, family and sex therapist and the author or coauthor of twelve books and over 130 professional articles. He regularly presents new research at annual conferences with undergraduate/graduate students and colleagues. He and Caroline Schacht are married with three children and five grandchildren.
Caroline Schacht, M.A. in Sociology and M.A. in Family Relations, is formerly instructor of sociology at East Carolina University where she taught courtship and marriage, introduction to sociology, and the sociology of food. Her clinical work includes marriage and family relationships. She is also the coauthor of Understanding Social Problems and a certified Romana Pilates instructor.
I. Joyce Chang, Ph.D. is Professor of Child and Family Development at University of Central Missouri (UCM). Dr. Chang received her doctorate in Human Development and Family Sciences and Master’s degree in Interdisciplinary Studies (Psychology, Women Studies, and Statistics) from Oregon State University. Dr. Chang’s primary research interests are high-risk behaviors, relationship development, and impacts of technology on families. She has received awards for teaching, research, and service. Dr. Chang has also taught/lectured in Sweden, Taiwan, and the Netherlands.
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